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Lime build-up from hard water
The above picture quite clearly demonstrates a scale build-up on a household pipe. The scale is the white ring coating the inside of the pipe. While not a health concern, the build-up will become a plumbing concern as it will eventually completely clog the pipe.

Hard Water

A scale build-up on hot water appliances and fixtures is from water hardness. "Hard" water contains elevated levels of calcium and magnesium (or more commonly referred to as Calcium Carbonate). When hard water is heated up, a scale is left behind that is difficult to clean and will actually cost you money in the long run. More soap is required to achieve a useful cleaning lather in the shower and for your laundry and dishes, and the buildup of scale over time reduces the efficiency of your hot water heater, kettles, washing machines, etc. If you find you have frequent trouble with your hot tub or other appliances, it may be from hard water.

Removing Hard Water

  • Water softeners are available to remove the hardness minerals by "swapping" them out for sodium ions. If you are on a reduced sodium diet, you should install an under-counter Reverse Osmosis unit to remove the excess salt